# References — Growth Hormone Axis Peptide Literature — LKN Peptide

> The aggregated citation list for the LKN Peptide growth-hormone-axis research digest: peer-reviewed sources on CJC-1295/Ipamorelin, sermorelin, and tesamorelin, with DOIs and PubMed links.

Every source cited across the three compound pages, the comparison, and the FAQ, gathered in one place.

## References

The list below aggregates the cited literature across all three peptides on this desk — CJC-1295/Ipamorelin, sermorelin, and tesamorelin. Each entry gives authors, title, journal, and year, with a DOI and a PubMed or PubMed Central link where available. A citation is listed once and referred to by its number throughout the site. Where a source studies a related GHRH-pathway compound rather than the specific peptide under discussion — as with one tesamorelin trial referenced on the sermorelin page — that context is noted in the text.

## References

[1] Badran AS, et al. Body composition, hepatic fat, metabolic, and safety outcomes of Tesamorelin, a GHRH analogue, in HIV-associated lipodystrophy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2026;20(1):2-12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41545261/
[2] Sigalos JT, et al. The Safety and Efficacy of Growth Hormone Secretagogues. Sex Med Rev. 2018;6(1):45-53. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28400207/
[3] Teichman SL, et al. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16352683/
[4] Jetté L, et al. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005;146(7):3052-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15817669/
[5] Cunha SR, et al. Ghrelin and growth hormone (GH) secretagogues potentiate GH-releasing hormone (GHRH)-induced cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate production in cells expressing transfected GHRH and GH secretagogue receptors. Endocrinology. 2002;143(12):4570-82. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12446584/
[6] Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, Steenblock C, Cai R, Sha W, Ghigo E, Hare JM, Bornstein SR, Schally AV. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2025;21(3):180-195. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39537825/
[7] Baker LD, Barsness SM, Borson S, Merriam GR, Friedman SD, Craft S, Vitiello MV. Effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone on cognitive function in adults with mild cognitive impairment and healthy older adults: results of a controlled trial. Archives of Neurology. 2012;69(11):1420-1429. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22869065/
[8] Blackman MR. Use of growth hormone secretagogues to prevent or treat the effects of aging: not yet ready for prime time. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2008;149(9):677-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18981489/
[9] Walker RF. Sermorelin: a better approach to management of adult-onset growth hormone insufficiency?. Clinical Interventions in Aging. 2006;1(4):307-308. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18046908/
[10] Thorner M, Rochiccioli P, Colle M, Lanes R, Grunt J, Galazka A, Landy H, Eengrand P, Shah S. Once daily subcutaneous growth hormone-releasing hormone therapy accelerates growth in growth hormone-deficient children during the first year of therapy. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1996;81(3):1189-96. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8772599/
[11] Wilton P, Chardet Y, Danielson K, Widlund L, Gunnarsson R. Pharmacokinetics of growth hormone-releasing hormone(1-29)-NH2 and stimulation of growth hormone secretion in healthy subjects after intravenous or intranasal administration. Acta Paediatrica Supplement. 1993;388:10-15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8329825/
[12] Corpas E, Harman SM, Pineyro MA, Roberson R, Blackman MR. Growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone-(1-29) twice daily reverses the decreased GH and insulin-like growth factor-I levels in old men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;75(2):530-535. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1379256/
[13] National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (LiverTox). Tesamorelin - LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. NCBI Bookshelf (NIH). 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548730/
[14] Stanley TL, Feldpausch MN, Oh J, Branch KL, Lee H, Torriani M, Grinspoon SK. Effect of tesamorelin on visceral fat and liver fat in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;312(4):380-389. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25038357/
[15] Stanley TL, Chen CY, Branch KL, Makimura H, Grinspoon SK. Effects of a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog on endogenous GH pulsatility and insulin sensitivity in healthy men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2011;96(1):150-158. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20943777/
[16] Falutz J, Allas S, Mamputu JC, Potvin D, Kotler D, Somero M, Berger D, Brown S, Richmond G, Fessel J, Turner R, Grinspoon S. Long-term safety and effects of tesamorelin, a growth hormone-releasing factor analogue, in HIV patients with abdominal fat accumulation. AIDS. 2008;22(14):1719-1728. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18690162/

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LKN Peptide pairs every enthusiastic finding about the growth-hormone axis with its citation and its caveat in the same breath — a research digest, not a clinic and not a supplier.